A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell, is a semiconductor device that converts sunlight into electrical energy. They are an important part of the renewable energy sector and are used to generate clean, sustainable electricity. The basic working principle of solar cells is to convert photon energy into electron energy through the photovoltaic effect. Typically, solar cells are made from multiple thin layers or semiconductor materials such as polysilicon, which are capable of producing an electric current when hit by sunlight.
There are many different types of solar cells, the most common of which include monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar cells. Monocrystalline silicon cells are made from a single crystalline silicon and have high efficiency and long life, but have higher manufacturing costs. Polycrystalline silicon cells are made from multiple crystalline silicon particles and are lower in cost but less efficient than monocrystalline silicon.
The widespread use of solar cells has a positive impact on the environment. First, they are a zero-emission way to generate energy that produces no greenhouse gases or air pollutants, helping to slow climate change. Secondly, the solar energy resources used by solar cells are infinitely renewable and are not limited by energy depletion.